石中英:孔子“仁”的哲学思想及其行动建议
孔子“仁”的思想及其当代教育意义 (2018年第4期)
石中英
[摘要]孔子是中国古代伟大的哲学家和教育家,“仁”是孔子哲学和教育思想中的一个核心范畴,孔子与学生间的多次问答都是围绕着“仁”展开的。从《论语》中有关内容分析来看,孔子对“仁”的论述最核心的有三句话,即“爱人”、“己所不欲,勿施于人”以及“已欲立而立人,已欲达而达人”。其中石中英:孔子“仁”的哲学思想及其行动建议,“爱人”可谓是“仁”的总纲领孔子关于仁的思想感悟,后面两句是基本行为准则孔子关于仁的思想感悟,分别表达了“仁”的消极和积极含义与要求。从方法上说,践“仁”的根本方法就是“能近取譬”、推己及人。孔子“仁”的哲学思想及其相关行动建议,对于当代的中国教育有着非常重要的意义,能够启迪教育者重新思考教育的人性基础、价值取向以及道德情感包括同情心在道德教育和人的形成中的重要性。当然孔子关于仁的思想感悟,对孔子“仁”的思想中存在的一些理论不足,教育研究和实践中也要加以批判性分析和对待。
[关键词]孔子;仁; 人性;道德情感;教育价值
[作者简介]石中英,北京师范大学教育学部教授、博士(北京)
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Shi
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